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From:Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity (Vol. 1. )The Aztecs were the last major civilization to control central Mexico before their defeat by the Spaniards and their indigenous allies in 1521. Although commonly known as the Aztecs, a name derived from their supposed...
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From:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (Vol. 1. 2nd ed.)Aztec (native of Aztlan) is a popular term widely used in Europe and the United States, but it is very imprecise. Although generally used in referring to the inhabitants of Mexico Tenochtitlan, it is usually broadened to...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 2: Almanac, Vol. 2. )The Aztec empire was at its peak when the Spanish conquistadores (conquerors) arrived in 1519. The first soldiers who arrived with the expedition of Spanish commander Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) were amazed by the...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 2: Almanac, Vol. 2. )In its two hundred years of existence, the Aztec city of Tenochtitlán (pronounced tay-notch-teet-LAHN) rose out of a rough swampland settlement to become one of the largest and most magnificent cities of its time in the...
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From:Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages (Vol. 2: Early Cultures Across the Globe. )Several cultures flourished in Central and South America from about 300 C.E. in the modern-day nations of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Of the many early civilizations first...
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From:Science and Its Times (Vol. 2: 700 to 1449. )When Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Americas in the 1500s, among the native civilizations they encountered were two great empires. The Aztec Empire covered much of central Mexico, and had its capital at...
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From:Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages (Vol. 2: Early Cultures Across the Globe. )Though the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas were separated in time and in geography, their clothing closely resembled each other. In general, children were naked, and men wore loincloths, adding tunics, or shirts, and cloaks in...
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From:Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages (Vol. 2: Early Cultures Across the Globe. )The early civilizations of Central and South America paid careful attention to their personal cleanliness and created many different ornaments to beautify the body. Decoration among all Central and South American groups...
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From:Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages (Vol. 2: Early Cultures Across the Globe. )Early Central and South Americans cared for their hair by washing, combing, and styling it. Atop their carefully styled hair, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca men and women wore hats and headdresses of many different styles....
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From:Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages (Vol. 2: Early Cultures Across the Globe. )People in Central and South America went barefoot most of the time. The warm climate did not require clothing for warmth. However, foot coverings did make the rugged terrain easier to manage. Mayan, Aztec, and Inca...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 3: Biographies and Primary Sources. )Illustration of the founding of Tenochtitlán,from the Codex Mendoza Manuscript compiled c. 1541 When the Aztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico around 1325, they adopted the writing systems of the people already...
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From:Middle Ages Reference Library (Vol. 1: Almanac. )The most notable civilizations in the New World during ancient times were the Olmec and other groups in Mesoamerica, or Central America, as well as the Chavín culture of the Andes Mountains in South America. Both began...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 3: Biographies and Primary Sources. )"Elegies on the Fall of the City" Three Aztec poems reprinted from The Broken Spears: The AztecAccount of the Conquest of Mexico. Edited and with an introductionby Miguel León-Portilla. Translated from Nahuatl into...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 3: Biographies and Primary Sources. )The Aztecs migrated into the Valley of Mexico and settled there in 1325. Other groups already living in the valley initially considered the Aztecs crude ruffians with vulgar habits, but the Aztecs quickly disposed of...
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From:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (Vol. 3. 2nd ed.)The Aztec, Inca, and Maya of ancient America had formal educational systems. Although the Inca and Maya generally restricted formal training to the nobility, the Aztecs or Mexica educated the children of each calpulli in...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 2: Almanac, Vol. 2. )The Spanish conquistadores (conquerors) arriving in Tenochtitlán (pronounced tay-notch-teet-LAHN) in 1521 marveled at the extremely refined and artistic culture they found there. Many claimed that the capital city of the...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 2: Almanac, Vol. 2. )From the time the Aztecs settled in Tenochtitlán (pronounced tay-notch-teet-LAHN) in 1325 until the day the Spanish conquered the city in 1521 was a period of just less than two hundred years. There were two distinct...
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From:Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library (Vol. 3: Biographies and Primary Sources. )Born c. 1397 (some sources say 1390)Tenochtitlán, Valley of MexicoDied 1469Tenochtitlán Aztec head of state Montezuma I, or Montezuma Ilhuicamina (also spelled Moctezuma or Motecuhzoma; pronounced mohk-the-ZOO-mah...
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From:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (Vol. 6. 2nd ed.)Tenochtitlán, capital city of Aztec Empire, center of present-day Mexico City. According to native histories, the Mexica founded Tenochtitlán in 1325. They were led by their god Huitzilopochtli to a spot where an eagle...
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From:Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450 (Vol. 1. )In 1790, laborers paving the streets in downtown Mexico City came across an extraordinary piece of stone. The workers were descendents of the Aztecs (or Mexica, as they called themselves; pronounced Me-sheeka) who had...